The spear used by the Roman soldier Longinus to pierce the side of Jesus on the cross (John 19:34). Multiple lances claim to be the authentic relic.
History
Several claimants exist: the lance in St. Peter's Basilica (Vatican), the lance in the Imperial Treasury in Vienna (Hofburg Palace), and the lance in Echmiadzin, Armenia. The Vienna lance has the longest documented history.
Scientific Investigation
The Vienna lance has been dated to the 7th century. X-ray analysis revealed a pin within the blade that may be older. The Vatican lance has not been subjected to modern scientific testing.
Spiritual Significance
The lance that drew blood and water from Christ's side holds deep theological significance — the blood and water are interpreted as symbols of the Eucharist and Baptism.
